Peace (Salam 3alikom) :
First I would to thank All my friends who support me and big thanks for Karim sari
Who let me to win and have this name really thank My Bro, and would like to thank too the previous president Muhammad amjad&mohammad Tomizeh ,Jawad jamal , ,khalil balouti, nour kh assaad atwai and all who stand with me thank you a lot
I will talk in this message about our home 'PALESTINE'
Palestine home of history :
Historical summary of Palestine
Palestine
Palestine is the name referring to the geographical region in the south-west of the Levant (known as bilad al-sham) and also refers to a number of political entities or provincial administrative occurred throughout history. In political terms, it refers to the name of Palestine today, the Palestinian National Authority or to the regions of the West Bank and Gaza Strip promised for a future Palestinian state. Between 1917 and 1948 the name (Palestine) was indicated to the British Mandate of Palestine.
Geographically speaking, Palestine is a part of the Levant and a historical zone which lies east of the Mediterranean up between Western Asia and Northern Africa and the Lying Sinai peninsula at the confluence of two continents, borders between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean. This region contains a large number of cities historically and religiously important, especially Jerusalem, Bethlehem and Haifa.
Earth
The Region has a big land, generally divided into four zones mainly from west to east coastal plain, hills and mountains of Hebron, the Jordan Valley and the eastern plateau. In the extreme south there Negev desert. Elevations ranging from 395 submitted below sea level on the shores of the Dead Sea, the lowest point on earth, to 1020 presented in the highest mountain peaks of Hebron.
That region contains several fertile regions. Water supply for the region are not abundant. River Jordan is the only river in the region, flowing southward through Lake Tiberias (the only fresh water lake in the region) to the Dead Sea.
History
Arab Canaanites were the first known population of Palestine. During the third millennium BC they became civilians living in states and cities, including Jericho. They have developed their alphabet and writing systems derived again. Palestine's Center links three continents to make them at a location of the meeting of religious and cultural influence on Egypt, Syria, Mesopotamia and Asia Minor. It was also the battle field of wars between superpowers in the region and subject to the domination of neighboring empires, began in Egypt in the third millennium BC. Egyptian domination and autonomy of Canaanites were permanently in defiance during the second millennium BC by the invaders ethnically diverse as Amorites, Hettitis, Horrians. In any case, the invaders were defeated by the Egyptians and Canaanites.
Egyptian authorities started weakening after the fourteenth century BC, the new occupiers and the Hebrews were a group of tribes Commissioner of Mesopotamia, and Filstinyin (later renamed the country on their behalf), EGY and they are people who are of Indian originated in Europe.
Israel
After the Hebrew tribes got out of Egypt (1270 BC), they invaded the cities of the Canaanites. It was led by Joshua that they controlled over parts of Palestine (1230 BC). Hebrews settled in two thousand hills of the country, but they were not able to control all of Palestine. Israelis, who are the Union of Hebrew tribes, finally defeated the Canaanites around 1125 BC. But they were invaded and fought severely by Filstinyin. Where the Filstinyin Zvtali founded an independent state for them at southern coast of Palestine and took control of the cities of the Canaanites, including Jerusalem. And took control of their military command and the use of arms by rail, defeated the Israelis strongly about 1050 BC.
Various threats forced the Israelis to unite and establish royal government. Prophet of God Dahod (peace be upon him), finally defeated Filstinyin shortly after in 1000 BC, and have complete control of the land of Canaan. The Uniting of Israel and the weakness of the near empires enabled Daood to establish an independent state with its capital in Jerusalem. In the era of Dahod's son and after, a prophet of God Solomon (peace be upon him), Israel enjoyed a prophet of peace and prosperity, but with his death in 922 BC divided the kingdom to Israel in the north and Judea in the south.
When near empires resumed expanding, dividing Israelis had been unable to maintain their independence. Israel fell to the Assyrian empire in 722-721 BC, Judea was defeated in 586 BC by the country Babylon, who destroyed Jerusalem and exiled most of the Jews living there.
Persian rule
the exiled Jewish were allowed to preserve their identity and religion, some of the best theological books and many historical books, including the Old Testament books were written during the period of exile or what was known relatively as Babylonian. When Cyrus took the rule of super Persia, he allowed the Jews to return to Judea in Palestine. Under Persian supervision, Jews were allowed to Self-Govern. They renewed the walls of Jerusalem and classified the Torah, which have become the symbol of social and religious life.
Romanian government
Persian rule of Palestine was replaced Governing came when Greek Alaaksndr Macedonian took over the place in 333 BC. Alaaksndr heirs, and Ptullamies and Seliosds, they continued to rule the country. Seliosds tried to impose culture and religion Hellenic (Greek) on the population. In the second century BC, the rebellion of the Jews under Macapit and began an independent state (141 - 63 BC) until Pompey the great from Rome defeated them and made the province ruled by kings of Jews.
During the rule of King great Herod (37-4 BC) our Lord Jesus was born (peace be upon him). There were two revolutions of the Jews and were repressed in 66-73 and 132-35. After the second killing of a large number of Jews, many of the slave's salary, the others weren't allowed to visit Jerusalem. The name of Judea was replaced to the name of Syria filastinya.
Palestine had special attention when Jerusalem was visited by Empress Helena the mother of Kstuntin the first, the Roman emperor who launched the Christian and declared the state religion in 313 AD. Jerusalem has become a focus for Christian pilgrimage. It was a golden era of prosperity, security, and culture. Most of the population was Christians.
roman government was cut during short periods at the Persian invasion, and it was completely ended when the Arab islamic army came to Palestine and Jerusalem in 638.
Islamic Caliphate
Islamic rule of Palestine extended to 1300 years. Palestine is sacred to Muslims because God ordered the prophet Mohammed that first (Qiblah) was Jerusalem for the Muslims (the direction in which Muslims face when praying) and that peace be upon him boarded on the night of Isra and Mi'raaj in the journey to the sky from the Old City of Jerusalem (Al-Aqsa Mosque today), where Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Dome of the Rock were built after that.
Jerusalem has become the third most religious and holy cities in Islam. Muslim rulers hadn't forced their religion on the Palestinians, during more than a century most citizens transformed their religion into Islam. Christians and Jews remaining considered People of the Book. And they were allowed to control the autonomous in their communities and within their security and freedom of worship. Such tolerance was rare in the history of religions and in the history of Palestine.
Most Palestinians adopted the Arab and Islamic culture. Palestine benefited from trade with neighboring empires, and one of its benefits was its religious significance during the Umayyad Islamic government in Damascus. When the power shifted to Baghdad with the Abbasids in 750, Palestine had become neglected. After that the country suffered from the domination by successive Alsaljookyiin, Fatimid and crusade invasions. Palestine participated, in any case, the glory of Islamic civilization, when the Muslim world enjoyed a golden era of science, art, philosophy and literature. Muslims have started to learn Greek science and started a new path in several fields, after all these years was a significant contribution to the Renaissance in Europe.
Ottoman rule
Turkish Ottomans from Asia Minor, they defeated Al-mamlookyiin in 1517 and ruled Palestine until the winter of 1917. The country was divided into several zones (Snagk), including Jerusalem. Management of areas was mainly placed in the hands of Palestinian Arabs. Christians and Jews, in any case, allowed them both religious and civil liberties. Palestine participated in the glory of the Ottoman Empire during the twenty-sixth session, but it doubled in the seventeenth century.
Palestine's weakness in trade, agriculture, population continued until the nineteenth century. At that time the Europeans searched of raw materials and markets, in addition to their strategy in coming to the Middle East. Between 1831 and 1840, Muhammad Ali, the Ottoman viceroy of Egypt, tried to expand his rulership to Palestine. His policies have improved the economic situation, increased agriculture, and improved education. The rule of the Ottomans returned again.
European nationalism escalated in the nineteenth century, especially with the spread of anti-Semitism, Jews encouraged Europeans to seek asylum to the 'promised land' in Palestine. Theodore Herzel, the author of the Jewish state (1896), founded the World Zionist Organization in 1897 to compel Europe to solve the 'Jewish problem.' As a result of the increasing Jewish immigration to Palestine strongly in 1880, Palestinian Arabs are about 95 percent of the population started to feel afraid of Jewish immigration and the purchase of land and then turned into opposition to Zionism.
British Mandate
Assistant by Arabs, the British occupied Palestine from the Ottoman Turks in 1917 - 1918. Arabs rebelled against the Turks because the British enemy, in 1915-1916 through correspondence with the Sharif Hussein, the son of Ali and to Mecca, promised the independence of their country after the war. However, Britain made conflicting obligations of the other in secret through the Sykes-Picot convention with France and Russia, 1916, pledging to divide and rule areas with Arab allies. In the third convention, in the 1917 Balfour Declaration, Britain promised the Jews by helping to establish 'national homeland' in Palestine.
This promise was later merged in an assignment given to Britain from the League of Nations in 1922. During the assignment from 1922 to 1948, the British found the contradictory promises to the Jews and Palestinian Arabs a difficult compromise. The Zionists dreamt and imagined of opening Jewish emigration in widespread, and some spoke of the Jewish state covering all of Palestine. Palestinians, however, disapproved on Britain to provide home to a third party especially when they don’t own it, there have been anti-Zionist attacks in Jerusalem in 1920 and Jaffa in 1921.
In the political statement to the British Government in 1922, the requests for access to all the Zionist Palestine and identified Jewish emigration was denied, but has been reaffirmed that they had the support of Britain for a national homeland for Jews. And a proposal was to establish a Legislative Council, the Palestinians rejected this Council due to inequitable representation.
In 1928, when Jewish immigration increased somewhat, British policy towards immigration swing under the conflicting pressures of Arab and Jewish communities. Immigration grew sharply after bullying the Nazi regime in Germany for Jews in 1933. In 1935 almost approximately 62000 Jews entered Palestine.
Fear of Jewish dominance was the main cause of the Arab revolution that erupted in 1936 and continued intermittently until 1939. At that time Britain stopped the Jewish immigration and stopped selling lands to them.
After the Second World War
Palestinian struggle, which had stopped during World War II, resumed in 1945. The horror of the Nazi Generated Further global and European compassion for the Jews and Zionism, despite the fact that Britain refused the immigration of 100000 Jewish to Palestine, many Jews found their way there illegally.
Various plans to solve the problem of Palestine were rejected by one party or the other. Britain announced that the dominance has failed in assignment and transferred the problem to the United Nations in April 1947. Jews and Palestinians were ready for confrontation. Although the Palestinians were numerically stronger than Jews (1300000 to 600000), the Jews were better prepared. Government-owned semi-autonomous, under the leadership of David Bin Gurion, and their army was well prepared. Palestinians did not have the opportunity to be processed since the Arab Rebel, and most of the leaders of the revolution were in prison or exile, at the British Mandate.
Mufti of Jerusalem, the main spokesman for the Palestinians, refused to accept the Jewish state. When the United Nations decided to part Palestine in November 1947, Arabs rejected the plan..
Israel led an attack in 14, 1948, five Arab armies came to help the Palestinians, and they attacked immediately. Lack of coordination and other reasons was the reason for the defeat of Arab armies. Israel occupied more than was expected in the partition resolution. While Jordan took the West Bank from the Jordan River, Egypt took the Gaza Strip. (Israel occupied these territories after the Six-Day War of 1967.) As a result from the war, 780000 Palestinian were refugees. Most of them have left their homes from fear and horror, while the remainders were forced to leave. Despite Palestinians deployment in neighboring countries, they have kept the Palestinian national identity and a desire to return home.
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Epresident
Ashraf Tomizeh